In early December, a new wave of influenza —caused by the H3N2 variant— hit the United Kingdom and raised global alarm. Hospitals are on the verge of collapse, many schools have closed due to massive outbreaks, and recommendations to wear face masks in public spaces have been reinstated.
What makes this variant different?
H3N2 has undergone a genetic shift that increases its transmissibility and its ability to evade part of the collective immunity. According to British authorities, its reproduction number (R) is estimated to be around 1.4, higher than that of recent strains.
This variation explains the speed of its spread in closed environments such as schools and hospitals.
Reported symptoms include:
- High fever
- Cough
- Congestion
- Muscle aches
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
Those most susceptible to contracting the virus are minors, the elderly, and people with chronic illnesses.
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Face Masks and Preventive Measures Return with influenza H3N2
In the face of rising infections, the British health system (NHS) recommended reinstating the preventive habits adopted during COVID: wearing masks on public transport, in offices, and in crowded spaces.
Authorities have not made mask-wearing mandatory; however, they warn that it is an urgent measure to curb transmission. They emphasize its use, especially for those with symptoms or those in contact with vulnerable individuals.
Despite the strain’s mutation, the flu vaccine remains a key tool to reduce hospitalizations and prevent severe cases, particularly among vulnerable groups.
Other recommendations include:
- Frequent handwashing
- Ventilation of enclosed spaces
- Use of face masks in high-risk situations
- Staying home with respiratory symptom
Schools Closed and Hospitals at Capacity
The outbreak has hit the child and adolescent population particularly hard. In several schools in Wales, Cheshire, and Leeds, classes have been partially or completely suspended due to the absence of a large portion of students and teaching staff.
Meanwhile, the British healthcare system is facing a historic peak. According to recent data, there are up to 1,717 daily hospital admissions due to influenza. Of that total, 69 patients remain in intensive care units.
British health authorities describe the situation as «the worst season in years.»
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International Virus Surveillance of influenza H3N2
Although the current focus is on the United Kingdom, other European countries and the United States have also reported an increase in influenza cases attributed to the same H3N2 variant.
Virus monitoring is not limited to countries where cases have been reported. In the coming weeks —given the time of year— there will be travel, year-end gatherings, and weather conducive to respiratory viruses.
There are fears that infections will accelerate; therefore, experts and health authorities are calling for strengthened vaccination campaigns, the reinstatement of collective hygiene measures, and vigilance for the first symptoms.
